![]() ![]() The use of press to mean “journalists” dates to the 17th century and occurs in the First Amendment (“Congress shall make no law … abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press…”). Some examples of metonymy are so common as to have become a regular part of the lexicon. It’s metonymy when you use a person’s name to refer to the works by that person, as when you say “We’re reading Austen this semester” when you really mean “We’re reading works by Austen this semester.” And it’s metonymy when you use a city’s name to refer to its team, as when you say “Houston was ahead by six points.” Metonymy refers to a figure of speech in which the word for one thing is used to refer to something related to that thing, such as crown for “king” or “queen,” or White House or Oval Office for “President.” The phrase “a bunch of suits” for a group of businesspeople is an example of metonymy it uses the common wardrobe of businesspeople as shorthand for the people themselves. The first kind of synecdoche is what we hear when someone uses wheels to refer to a car (“she showed off her new wheels”) or threads to refer to clothing (“a new set of threads”) the second kind is what’s going on when a phrase like “introduced to society” is used to talk about an introduction specifically to high society.Ī classic example of synecdoche is the use of the term hands to mean “workers” (as in “all hands on deck”), or the noun sails to mean “ships.” Synecdoche is also sometimes used in the names of sports teams, e.g., the White Sox, the Blue Jackets. Synecdoche refers to a figure of speech in which the word for a part of something is used to refer to the thing itself, or less commonly, when the word for a thing itself is used to refer to part of that thing. 'Metonymy' is when a word associated with something is used to refer to the thing itself. The resulting explosion is 10 to 100 times more powerful than a supernova.'Synecdoche' is when the word for a part of something is used to refer to the whole thing, or less commonly, the word for a whole is used to refer to a part. Scientists think a hypernova occurs when stars more than 30 times the mass of the Sun quickly collapse into a black hole. In this scenario, the white dwarf is typically obliterated.Ī hypernova - sometimes called a collapsar - is a particularly energetic core-collapse supernova. Once it crosses a critical mass threshold, it collapses and violently expels its outer layer, tearing itself apart. Unlike with a classical novae, this white dwarf experiences a thermonuclear reaction in its core. The other type of supernova, a type Ia supernova, occurs when a white dwarf in a binary star system gobbles up too much material from its companion. In this case a new stellar remnant - either a neutron star or a black hole - is born. The implosion reverberates outward, exploding the leftover material into space. ![]() At the end of a massive star’s life, it no longer has the energy to support itself against gravity and collapses, the core squeezing itself into as tight a ball as possible. The type of supernova most people think of is a dying star’s last hurrah, known as a type II or core-collapse supernova. There are two basic ways to get a supernova. These mergers, as their name suggest, are about 1,000 times brighter than a classical nova, but not as bright as a supernova, which is 10 to 100 times brighter than a kilonova. Kilonovae occur when two compact objects, like binary neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole, collide. Because the white dwarf remains intact after blowing away this excess, a stellar system can experience multiple classical novae. At this point, the white dwarf experiences a runaway thermonuclear reaction, ejecting the unburnt hydrogen, which releases 10,000 to 100,000 times the energy our Sun emits in a year. As the hydrogen is converted into heavier elements, the temperature increases, which in turn increases the rate of hydrogen burning. The material - mostly hydrogen - sits on the surface of the white dwarf until enough has been gathered to kick-start a nuclear fusion reaction, the same process that powers the Sun. But the causes of these brief but brilliant stars are varied.Ĭlassical novae occur in a binary star system with a white dwarf and a star close enough together that the white dwarf pulls, or accretes, material from its companion. In Latin, nova means “new.” In astronomy, that refers to a temporary bright “star” in the night sky. ![]()
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